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Balak tribe
Balak, باڵەک, Balek is a Kurdish tribe descendant of an Arian clan.〔http://books.google.fr/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition〕 living in former Soran Emirate which is now part of Erbil Province in Southern Kurdistan. it is located in the mountainous region of northern Erbil Province in Southern Kurdistan., People from the Balak area speak a language that is mixed in the Kurdish Sorani dialect and the Kurdish Kurmanji dialect. Like most Kurdish tribes, the people from the Balak tribe mainly live in mountains. Balak area starts from Rawanduz district ends in Haji Omaran Sub-district. there are two main Districts in Balak; Choman City and Rawanduz City. also five sub-districts: Warta, Smilan, Galala, Qasre and haji Omaran. its 120 Kilometers Northern Hewler City the capital of Erbil province. and bordered with Eastern Kurdistan which currently is under Iranian occupation.
Choman City is the biggest and capital of Balak Tribe nowadays. Rawanduz was the capital of Soran Mirnisheen which was a Kurdish emirate based in the geographic region of Kurdistan, specifically in what is today known as Southern Kurdistan. The emirate presumably gained its full independence from the Ottoman Empire shortly after it was captured from Safavid control, in the 1530s, but was later reincorporated into the Ottoman Empire as a semi-autonomous vassal state. After serving the empire as a semi-autonomous vassal state for the next couple of hundred years, the emirate slowly gained full independence for a second time, during the late 1700s and early 1800s, but was eventually subdued by Ottoman troops in 1835. Its capital for most of that time was the city of Rawanduz〔
== The Name ==
The naming of Balak tribe came from the area that they inhabit.〔عبلس العزاوى. عشائر العراق. الجلد الأول. جزء 1-2. مكتبة الحضارات، بيروت لبنان. ص 312.〕 The oldest source that mentions the name of Balak Tribe is (The book of مسالك الأبصار في ممالك الأمصار, Masalik al-absar fi mamalik al-amsar) "the name Balak derives from Balakan Village"〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/367717/Masalik-al-absar-fi-mamalik-al-amsar Masalik al-absar fi mamalik al-amsar〕 in Northern Kurdistan which currently is under Turkeys occupation. Balakan means home place of Balak's. Also the Ottoman Sharif Pasha mentions in his report that some clans of Balak tribe reside in Zooka and Mashkan regions in Northern Kurdistan. and the name of Balak Tribe was Mentioned in Seyahatname by Evliya Çelebi.〔
Balak Tribe are neighbors with Mangoor and Mamash tribes in North, Bradost Tribe in West, Khoshnaw Tribe in south and Ako tribe in East. and had good relations with those tribes. Balak was one of the main Tribe members in the union of Billbas Federation. and they took part of many wars and battles against Ottoman and Safavid Empires.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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